A few cooling system questions Options

[ActionClaw]

(1995 Toyota Celica ST, 1.8L 7A-FE)

I had some cooling system issues. I believe I may have found and repaired the problem but while looking I noticed a few other things that got me thinking.

How can I confirm that the cooling system fluid is properly circulating?

Some say to run the car with radiator cap off and look for movement/turbulence. I see little to no "flow" or movement (in this or other vehicles). Any movement I do see seems more likely to be caused by engine vibration. What is a better testing method? Is inserting a thermometer into radiator and simply watching for temperature increase sufficient?


How to determine if electric radiator fans are properly functioning?

I've found info regarding other cars that fan operation is controlled by multiple sensors: engine temperature sensor, cruising speed, whether the AC is on or off, etc.

I'm guessing a simple enough test might be to drive the car a while, when assumed hot enough, stop, pop the hood and visually check whether the fan is running but because I was unable to have the emission test done, the car currently can't be legally driven. Will the fans kick on at idle and, if so, approximately how soon after starting (cold)? Suggestions?

Thanks